Take Charge of Your Cycle!

 

Take Charge of Your Cycle!

By:Bhavana Jala Nerella

Irregular periods, also known as menstrual irregularities, can be a common concern for many women. Menstruation is the cyclic, orderly shedding of the uterine lining, in response to the interactions of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. The menstrual cycle may be divided into two phases: the follicular or proliferative phase and the luteal or secretory phase. The length of a menstrual cycle is the number of days between the first day of menstrual bleeding of one cycle to the onset of menses of the next cycle.

The median duration of a menstrual cycle is 28 days, with most cycle lengths between 25 to 30 days. Patients who experience menstrual cycles that occur at intervals less than 21 days are termed polymenorrheic, while patients who experience prolonged menstrual cycles greater than 35 days are termed oligomenorrheic. The typical volume of blood lost during menstruation is approximately 30 mL. Any amount greater than 80 mL is considered abnormal. The menstrual cycle is typically most irregular around the extremes of reproductive life (menarche or the start of menstruation and menopause or the end of menstruation).

The luteal phase of the cycle is relatively constant in all women, with a duration of 14 days. The variability of cycle length is usually derived from varying lengths of the follicular phase of the cycle, which can range from 10 to 16 days. Research studies have shown that age, smoking status, pack-year, body weight, alcohol, perceived level of stress, marital status, educational level, and modifiable risk factor scores were associated with irregular menstruationAlso, perceived stress and educational level were significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. Women who responded saying that their perceived stress as ‘very much’ had 1.74 times higher risk of menstrual cycle irregularity.

As educational level was lowered, the risk of menstrual cycle irregularity also increased. The association between early menopause or irregular menstruation and women’s health, improvements in health behaviors should be emphasized in view of public health. Causes of Irregular Periods: The reproductive age of a woman comprises a large part of her life. Suffering from menstrual disorders, such as dysmenorrhea, endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), can have serious implications in the lives of those suffering them, so it is important to diagnose these problems and treat them in the most appropriate way. 1. Medical conditions: a. Endometriosis: Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus can cause irregular bleeding and severe pain during periods. b. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):

An infection in the reproductive organs can lead to irregular periods, pelvic pain, and vaginal discharge. c. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can disrupt ovulation, resulting in irregular or absent periods. d. Thyroid or pituitary gland disorders: Imbalances in thyroid or pituitary hormones can affect menstrual regularity. e. Uterine fibroids: Benign growths in the uterus can cause heavy or prolonged bleeding, leading to irregular periods. 2. Lifestyle factors: a. Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt hormone production and lead to irregular periods. b. Weight fluctuations: Significant weight gain or loss can affect hormonal balance and disrupt the menstrual cycle. c. Intense exercise: Excessive physical activity, especially in athletes, can lead to irregular periods due to low body fat and hormonal changes. d. Poor nutrition: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients can impact hormone levels and menstrual regularity.

 

Prevention and Management: Prevention and management strategies for irregular periods focus on addressing the underlying causes and promoting hormonal balance. Here are some preventive measures to consider: 1. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: - Follow a balanced diet rich in nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. - Engage in regular exercise to support overall health and hormonal balance. - Prioritize sufficient sleep and stress management techniques. 2. Seek Medical Evaluation: - Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent irregular periods or severe symptoms. - Undergo diagnostic tests to identify any underlying medical conditions contributing to menstrual irregularities. 3. Hormonal Birth Control: - Consider hormonal contraceptives prescribed by a healthcare provider to regulate periods and manage hormonal imbalances. 4. Weight Management: - Maintain a healthy weight range through a balanced diet and regular exercise. - Avoid extreme weight fluctuations that can disrupt hormonal balance. 5. Address Underlying Medical Conditions: - Follow the recommended treatment plan for conditions such as endometriosis, PCOS, or thyroid disorders. - Take prescribed medications as directed by a healthcare provider. Irregular periods can be distressing, but understanding the causes and implementing preventive measures can help promote regular menstrual cycles.

By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, seeking medical evaluation when necessary, and addressing underlying medical conditions, women can take proactive steps towards achieving menstrual regularity and overall reproductive health. If you experience irregular periods or have concerns, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance and appropriate management options.

 

References: Bae J, Park S, Kwon JW. Factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause. BMC Womens Health. 2018 Feb 6;18(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12905-018-0528- x. PMID: 29409520; PMCID: PMC5801702.

Menstrual Health and Its Profound Impact on Mental Well-being

Menstrual Health and Its Profound Impact on Mental Well-being By: Bhavana Jala Nerella (Volunteer at HEEALS)

Menstrual hygiene management and practices among adolescent females in low and middle income countries pose significant challenges for girls, parents, society, and policymakers. The prevalence of menstrual-related problems among adolescent girls in India is a concerning issue, indicating socio-cultural and regional variations. These menstrual abnormalities and disorders have wide-ranging effects on physical, mental, social, psychological, and reproductive aspects, profoundly impacting the daily lives of adolescents and their families. In this article, we explore the intricate relationship between menstrual health and mental well-being, shedding light on the critical need for awareness, education, and access to menstrual hygiene products. 

Here are some examples of unhygienic menstrual practices:

1. Using cloth or rags instead of sanitary pads or tampons: This can lead to inadequate absorption, prolonged moisture exposure, and an increased risk of infection.

2. Reusing menstrual materials without proper cleaning: Repeated use without proper washing and disinfection can introduce harmful bacteria and increase the chances of infection.

3. Improper hand hygiene: Failing to wash hands before and after changing menstrual materials can introduce harmful bacteria and increase the risk of contamination.

4. Lack of proper disposal: Improper disposal of used menstrual materials, such as flushing them down the toilet or throwing them in open areas, can lead to environmental pollution and hygiene concerns.

5. Insufficient personal hygiene during menstruation: Neglecting personal hygiene practices, such as not washing the genital area or changing menstrual materials frequently, can increase the risk of infections and discomfort.

6. Using unsanitary materials for insertion or absorption: Inserting non-sterile objects, such as sticks or leaves, for absorption or makeshift tampons can introduce harmful bacteria and cause infections.

7. Belief in harmful myths and cultural practices: Some cultural practices, such as avoiding bathing or certain foods during menstruation, can contribute to unhygienic conditions and perpetuate harmful myths surrounding menstruation. 

A study conducted with a sample size of 471 college attending women revealed that period poverty, experienced by 14.2% of women, significantly correlated with depression. The findings showed a gradient effect, with higher rates of moderate to severe depression among women facing regular period poverty. Those experiencing monthly period poverty had a higher likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms (68.1%) compared to those who had any period poverty (61.2%) or no period poverty (43.4%).

Another study involving over 12,000 adolescent girls aged 10-19 in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar found a strong association between depressive symptoms and menstrual irregularities. Girls with mild, moderate, or severe depressive symptoms were more likely to experience menstrual irregularities compared to those with minimal depressive symptoms. The study also highlighted that the use of inadequate materials, such as cloth or other materials instead of sanitary napkins, further increased the likelihood of menstrual irregularities. Thus, poor menstrual hygiene practices contribute to both mental health issues and menstrual problems. Insufficient access to affordable menstrual products has detrimental effects on the mental wellbeing of young women. Globally, an estimated 500 million women and girls lack access to adequate facilities for menstrual hygiene management. In regions such as Bangladesh, over 80% of menstruating women resort to inadequate materials like old cloth instead of hygienic products like pads or tampons. This unmet need for menstrual products adversely impacts educational outcomes, contributing to school absenteeism or dropout rates. Efforts to combat period poverty and improve mental health should include increased access to affordable menstrual products. For example, the project led by BJP called Jan Aushadi Kendra has brought about a way to provide pads for 1 rupee which has benefitted lakhs of women across India. However, much more still needs to be done as many are unaware of this, access is difficult, and the quality is sacrificed at the expense of cost. 

Additionally, the stigma surrounding menstruation must be addressed through comprehensive education and awareness campaigns. Proper education and knowledge regarding good hygiene practices are crucial for both adolescent girls and their mothers, fostering a supportive environment and breaking the barriers surrounding menstrual health. The intertwined relationship between menstrual health and mental well-being necessitates action. Bridging the gap in access to menstrual hygiene products, promoting awareness, and providing education on menstrual hygiene practices are vital steps towards empowering young women. By addressing these issues, we can enhance the mental well-being and overall quality of life for countless individuals, ensuring that no one's potential is limited by their menstrual health challenges.

On a personal note growing up as a South Indian girl living in the duality of western values with a unique blend of orthodox values at home menstruation has posed a great impact on my life as a whole. Being ousted amongst family members and set in isolation during what I would consider the most vulnerable period of time for any women even more so as a growing adolescent. The further impact that has had on my mental health may seem small in a bird’s eye view however has had enormous impact on the way I’ve perceived the world. This time for is a very personal and tender time to be treated with some kindness, empathy, and consideration. I not only hope but deeply pray with a heavy heart that we as an entire country start to see a more sensible manner not for ourselves but for the happiness of all our daughters.

Email : communications@heeals.org

Whatss app : +91-7982316660

Instagram : @heealsindia 

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633137

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/05/25/menstrual-hygiene-management

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229495/

https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/bnhbs.pdf

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35422014/

Menarche Matters!

Sowing the Seeds of Change: Breaking the Link Between Junk Food and Early Menarche- Bhavana Jala Nerella (Volunteer at HEEALS)

 If a girl has her first menstruation before age 12 it leads to an increase in breast cancer risk by 50% than when compared to menarche at 16. Interested? I bet you are. Adolescence is a crucial period of transition from puberty to adulthood, during which teenagers experience various physical, psychological, and social changes. One significant milestone in this phase is Menarche, which marks the onset of regular menstrual cycles in healthy females. Although food plays a pivotal role in holistic growth, nourishment, procreation, and the cycle of life, the present-day way of living has led to the increased prevalence of fast food and junk food consumption. Consuming fast food leads to excessive intake of sodium and saturated fast. 

As the consumption of fast food increases across urban, suburban, and rural areas of India, there is a noticeable rise in menstrual problems such as early menarche, irregular menses, dysmenorrhea, and excessive bleeding. It is crucial for us to assess these dietary habits, make necessary modifications, and promote healthier lifestyles for future generations. While many factors may be beyond our control, we can collectively strive to change what is within our reach. Although fast food may appear convenient and cost-effective in the short term, it eventually leads to regrets. Over consumption of junk food reduces our intake of essential nutrients such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and grains. This deficiency contributes to nutritional imbalances, which are considered a significant factor in inducing hormonal dysfunction , leading to various menstrual problems as mentioned earlier. 

Let's take a look at some examples of the harmful substances found in junk food: - Eggs in junk food may contain propylene glycol (petrol), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (nail polish), and calcium silicate. - Chips often contain chemical substances like poly-dimethylsiloxane, a silicone-based plastic coating used to maintain shelf life, color, and flavor. - Deep-fried nuggets may not contain real chicken, potato, or vegetables. Instead, they often consist of a pre-nugget mix with mesh found in plastics and artificial coloring. So are these food still a quick fix to your hunger pangs? 

That’s for you to decide. A study conducted among 2,033 girls in Shanghai revealed a significantly higher risk of early onset menarche associated with an unhealthy diet pattern. Children who consumed unhealthy foods were 1.25 times more likely to experience early menarche compared to those who consumed healthy foods. In another study involving 500 adolescent school girls in Pokhara, Nepal, a case-control study demonstrated that 97.7% of girls who experienced menarche before the age of 11 regularly consumed junk food. However, the most alarming finding was the severe psycho-socio-economic impact of early menarche on a young woman's life. This impact includes increased vulnerability to abuse, sexual exploitation, early marriage, excessive workload, eating disorders, early pregnancy, and the need for medications during pregnancy. The severity of the impact of early menarche on a girl's future is drastic, and as a society, we have a responsibility to protect and empower women to be their best selves. The strength and prosperity of a community depend on the safety and quality of life for women. It is essential that we stand up for them and initiate change, starting with small acts such as educating families and children about the effects of poor diet on menarche. 

Although early menarche may seem like a scientific term, its implications are deeply rooted into all areas of a woman's life. By modifying our dietary habits and promoting healthier lifestyles, we can safeguard the well-being and future of the younger generations. HEEALS (Health, Education, Environment and Livelihood Society) is a grassroots non-profit/ NGO in Gurgaon, India and is championing the cause of menstrual health, sanitation, the importance of a healthy diet, and the promotion of women's well-being. Through these initiatives, we break the silence surrounding menstrual health, providing education on hygiene management and access to affordable sanitary products. We also conduct workshops on the importance of a balanced diet for menstrual health, highlighting the detrimental effects of junk food. 

These efforts empower women, reduce stigmas, and enhance the quality of life for women and girls in India. Despite the challenges we face, I am deeply hopeful for the future of women worldwide. The journey may not be easy, but we will always strive forward.

Email: communications@heeals.org

Whatss app: +91-7982316660

 

References: 1. https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORMIT.898679594324045 2. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2018/4528704/ 3. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sumeet-Goel/publication/ 321824187_EFFECTS_OF_JUNK_FOOD_FAST_FOOD_ON_MENSTRUAL_HEALTH_ A_REVIEW_STUDY/links/5a335781a6fdcc9b2d77eab1/EFFECTS-OF-JUNK-FOOD-FASTFOOD-ON-MENSTRUAL-HEALTH-A-REVIEW-STUDY.pdf 4. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shiva-Raj-Acharya/publication/ 348563955_Factors_Associated_With_Early_Menarche_among_Adolescents_Girls_A_Stud y_from_Nepal/links/600517dca6fdccdcb8609342/Factors-Associated-With-Early-Menarche-among- Adolescents-Girls-A-Study-from-Nepal.pdf 

WHY DO GRASSROOTS MATTER?

 

WHY DO GRASSROOTS MATTER?

 

By Sachin S Solanki

 

In today’s world where development still remains to percolate down to the lowest of the low sections, no country can truly deliver on its promises without a stable and empowered civil society. Therefore, asustainable network of bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is a sine qua nonfor plugging the gaps in the service delivery to the last mile. However, it cannot be undermined that NGOs unlike a ‘for-profit’ institution lack sufficient resources and revenue to fund their services. The issue becomes accentuated when we look at the sections of civil society that work directly at the grassroots level.

 

GRASSROOTS MATTER

 

Grassroots NGOs are located at the critical intersection of a range of institutions that mark our society such as race, caste, religion, community, family and gender to name a few. By their proximity to these institutions at the ground level, they are better aware of the nitty-gritty of local functioning that is often overlooked and underminedby the more centralised and unreachable parts of civil society.A large well-funded NGO undoubtedlyhas a better efficiencyand logistical capacity to deliver on a range of commitments, but it is also found that owing to their very centralised and strait-jacket nature, accessibility and reachability to the final mile is often piecemeal. Per contra, NGOs and civil society organisations working on a localised level amongst people are more effective in organising local participation and promising better outcomes.

 

Furthermore, it has been observed that the motives of civil society are better translated into real outcomes if local communities are involved in the process. Be it through teaching, distribution of sanitary pads or raising funds for a local calamity, grassroots NGOs because of their close-knit size are a perfect platform for people to become the change they wish to see. Grassroots civil society also plays a vital role in accomplishing better standards of living, enhanced skills, and empowerment of youth, women and minorities.

 

Last but not least, localised NGOs are also significant because of their democratic ability to encourage effective communication around key issues, where all viewpoints are heard and deliberated upon. This is in stark contrast to the more centralised and non-localised bodies where, more often than not, a dominant viewpoint with more muscle and money power gets more credit and representation in the decision-making processes.

 

A TALE OF BROKEN FUNDING

 

For civil society, means to access funding are grossly limited. Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR funding forms one of the few channels and hence becomes a major portion of funding for civil society. Other options are localised fundraising and receiving resources through charityor donations. However, over time it has been noticed that CSR funding is often skewed and marred by a range of different biases. Be it the regional bias where funding is targeted to a selectgeography or region, or the bias in favour of a certain sector.

 

A recent study by Ashoka University brings to notice that more than 50% of CSR companies are concentrated in prosperous states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, while states such as Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh receive little. Another issue at play here is the pronounced lack of diversity in terms of sectors receiving funding. A study by Economic Times points to an asymmetrical situation where funding towards certain sectors like education and pollution outweighs other areas like menstruation, gender-based violence and internet disparity. This skewed spending becomes a major obstacle for sections of civil society that are dedicated to a single issue or cause.

 

It is also true that in recent times, big corporates have come up with their own ‘personalized’ civil society and NGOs, thereby diverting their funds to their own bodies. This in turn fuels a self-sustaining and self-serving cycle that excluded grassroots and localised bodies. Another important and undeniable role is played by the citizen themselves, after all a civil society without a society to back it up becomes dysfunctional. It has been found that charity and donations offered by people are either grossly inadequate or often remain largely skewed in favour of someone or something.

 

Gaurav Kashyap, Managing Director at HEEALS, a grassroots Non-Profit/NGO based in Gurgaon shared his experience of the struggle that NGOs and civil society bodies like HEEALS face while accessing funding. “Despite working for 12 years at the grassroots level working in diverse fields such as Health,Education, Environment,Water, Sanitation, Menstrual hygiene,Gender Equality Projects, the CSR funding has never really come through”, he adds. This not only underlines the strain and disadvantages that localised non-profit bodies undergo in search of funds but also seriously undermines the confidence of today’s youth in the efficacy of civil society. Furthermore, it gives rise to poor incentives and massive roadblocks for NGOs and other localised bodies like HEEALS in their objective of going the extra mile in public service delivery.

 

WAY FORWARD

 

So far we have seen that localised NGOs lack the wherewithal to infuse their processes with capital and efficiency. Lack of funding dents their resource mobilization ability and eventually unleashesa perpetuating cycle of inability and deficiency. But, there is a way out of this.

 

Firstly, we have to understand that a robust and self-reliant civil society is not a threat to the security and stability of society but a supporter of it. They play a critical role in bridging the gaps between the Government and the people. A strengthened civil society helps nurture deep linkages between the process of policy-making and the people who have a stake in the making of the policy. So, in a way, it is true that an empowered civil society ensures an empowered citizenry and hence we must do all that it takes to infuse power in the hands of the civil society.

 

Second, civil society too has to come up with fresh, creative and innovative ways to engage with diverse sections of the society and ensuring that they do not become echo chambers of a single ideology or political persuasion. Attempts must be made to stay relevant and close to the issues they seek to redress. For this, a continuous and constructive engagement with all stakeholders is necessary.

 

To conclude, an empowered civil society guarantees the realization of Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of trusteeship, interdependence and bonding between the rich and the underprivileged, where society becomes a complete whole of many connected parts. What is needed is an ecosystem where Government, Non-Government Organisations and the Corporate Sector can come together and join hands in ensuring effective and inclusive service delivery.

 

***

 

About-

 

Sachin S Solanki is a volunteer at HEEALS NGO, Gurgaon, India.

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Mental Health Is Important For School Children and Communities To Overcome From Depression, Mental Illness . Our Project Have a Positive Impact On Many Children And Communities. Please Watch Our Mental Health Video.

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MENSTRUATION: NOT ONLY A HEALTH ISSUE, BUT A HUMAN RIGHT DUTY

 

MENSTRUATION: NOT ONLY A HEALTH ISSUE, BUT A HUMAN RIGHT DUTY

- Carlotta Pagan

 

What better day than May 28 to break taboos? On this date, Menstrual Hygiene Day is celebrated, an occasion that began initially as a social media awareness campaign by a german non-profit organization and some social entrepreneurs with an attempt to make their message of peace go viral and ended up becoming one of the most important fulcrums for menstrual hygiene management awareness worldwide today.

 

 

Picture 1: School girls holding motivationalmotposterssaying “There are lot more to shame than periods” and “Menstruation is my power and pride”  for the Menstrual Hygiene Day event

 

Celebrated with street demonstrations, eccentric outfits, and bursts of color, it is an important reminder of how important it actually is for women around the world to be assured of functioning toilets, proper privacy, and the correct hygienic means to contain menstrual flow, and to realize how far we still have to go, in many countries, to achieve this basic rights.

 

The street demonstrations are often followed by public speeches, performances, art exhibitions, and movie screenings, all of which demonstrates how unity among people can be strength for a real change and those who can contribute with a small amount, are always welcome.

 

The choice of this date is certainly no coincidence: the month of May, the fifth month of the year, was chosen to represent the normal average length of menstruation, while the 28th of the month was thought to indicate the average length of a menstrual cycle.

 

 

Picture 2:Painting on newspaper sheet depicting menstrual pain and cramps in women without access to primary health care services made by Kurdish activist Zehra Dogan, Santa Giulia Museum, Brescia, Italy

 

As the posters for the 2023 occasion announce, the aim for this year is to“Build a world where no one is held back because they menstruate, by 2030”. A hope, perhaps, rather than a goal, if we consider the conditions in which most South-East Asian countries still find themselves today.

It is a dramatic situation. Another placard, which a young activist waves in her hands amid thousands of protesters in a Pakistan city, says “solidarity is needed”.

And it is true. Action is needed,as soon as possible, and above all, everyone's contribution is necessary. These are countries where there is a shortage of water, where primary resources are accessible to few, and where there are no adequate educational plans: most adolescent girls experience severe physical and psychological conditions during their menstrual cycle, triggered by premenstrual syndrome and other symptoms, and many of them, feeling uncomfortable compared to their male classmates due to lack of access to adequate infrastructure, are forced to drop out of school in a very early age.

In India, many taboos and popular beliefs related to the menstrual cycle and its alleged impurity do not give due vent to an unmanageable situation and they do not do justice to all efforts made for a healthy awareness. This makes not possible to celebrate such an important day, so animatedly, for the people.

 

 

Picture 3: Indian activist holding a picket sign against shortage of hygiene products and facilities in Kolkata, Indiaduring 2019 Menstrual Hygiene Day Celebration

 

 

 

 

The aim for the Menstrual Hygiene Day remains the same and there is a wide agreement on what people need for good menstrual health: safe private spaces where to change often sanitary products, good facilities with access to running water to wash themselves and clean their hands as well as appropriate garbage bins where to throw sanitary pads and materials once used.

The purpose is also to ensure that schools and public places will be capable to guarantee those services, so that adolescent girls will be more likely to attend classes during their menstrual period with more comfort and dignity and with less worries.

During Menstrual Hygiene Day, many global and national development polices also take action to provide investments, in order to prioritize menstrual health and, so, to eliminate period poverty, that is, a condition in which low-income women struggle to get hygienical products as well as a fair access to running sanitized water and sanitation services.

 

 

Picture 4: A school with no water and toilets in Delhi, India, 2016

 

Considering that menstruation is a physiological process and that menstrual health is a basic and fundamental right which deals with the ability for women and girls to take care of their body in autonomy, comfort and dignity, we at HEEALS can do nothing but fully support this day and the efforts of all the people who mobilizee very year to build a self-sustainable society, as well as express our immense gratitude to them, as we believe that even the smallest effort can ultimately bring about great change

In the meanwhile, we continue to strive for reach the people from marginalized communities and women in need through education and through the donation of dignity kits containing essential products, as hand- cleaning soaps, hygienical and sanitary products products and supplies.

Email : communciations@heeals.org

Whatss app : +91-7982316660