International Mother Language Day 2024: It is celebrated on 21 February to spread awareness of linguistic, and cultural diversity, and to promote multilingualism. India is home to hundreds of languages and thousands of dialects which make its linguistic and cultural diversity the most unique in the world. Language is not only a means of communication but it also represents a diverse cultural and intellectual heritage.
Languages are essential to education and sustainable development, serving as the primary means through which knowledge is transferred and cultures are preserved. With approximately 8,324 languages in the world today, many are at risk of disappearing due to globalization and societal changes. Ensuring that education systems support the right to learn in one's mother tongue is crucial for improving learning outcomes, as students who are taught in a language they fully understand show better comprehension, engagement, and critical thinking skills.
the role of languages in promoting inclusion and achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Multilingual education not only promotes inclusive societies but also aids in preserving non-dominant, minority, and indigenous languages. It is a cornerstone for achieving equitable access to education and lifelong learning opportunities for all individuals.
Research consistently shows that children who learn to speak in their mother tongues (native languages) tend to perform better academically, develop stronger cognitive skills, and have improved communication abilities compared to those who do not, making it significantly beneficial for a child's overall learning and development; this is especially true in early childhood education where a strong foundation in their mother tongue is crucial for acquiring new knowledge and concepts effectively.
Key benefits of learning in one's mother tongue:
• Cognitive development:
Learning in one's native language helps build a strong foundation for cognitive skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, as children can easily grasp complex concepts when explained in a familiar language.
• Academic performance:
Studies indicate that children educated in their mother tongue tend to perform better academically across various subjects, including reading, writing, and mathematics, as they have a deeper understanding of the content.
• Communication skills:
A strong foundation in one's mother tongue leads to better communication skills, including fluency in speaking, listening, and expressing ideas clearly.
• Cultural connection:
Learning in one's mother tongue fosters a strong connection to their cultural heritage, identity, and community.
• Second language acquisition:
A solid base in the mother tongue can actually facilitate the learning of additional languages later on, as children develop strong linguistic skills that can be transferred to new languages.
Important considerations:
• Context matters:
In diverse societies, where multiple languages are spoken, implementing effective bilingual education programs can be crucial to ensure all children have access to quality education.
• Early childhood focus:
Early exposure to one's mother tongue is particularly important for optimal language development and cognitive growth.
Overall, the evidence strongly supports the notion that children who learn to speak in their mother tongues benefit significantly in terms of cognitive development, academic performance, and overall well-being. Learning begins at home, where we absorb our first language from our family, shaping our identity and sense of belonging. This mother tongue is a source of comfort and cultural connection for all children. However, when children step into preschool or school at the age of 3 or 4, they may face a daunting challenge. They are suddenly immersed in a new language environment, struggling to comprehend words they’ve never heard, spoken or written before. Their parents, often unfamiliar with this language, struggle to support them, leading to a higher risk of children dropping out of school within a few years.
The importance cannot be overstated of inclusive policies and practices for multilingual education linked to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 of quality education and lifelong learning for all. UNESCO calls on all member countries to implement mother language-based education and pursue a policy of multilingual education. India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recognizes the significance of learning in one’s mother tongue. Most children are enrolled in school, yet many aren’t learning effectively. The National Achievement Survey 2021 and Foundational Learning Study 2022, conducted by the Ministry of Education, for example, show that children from Tribal communities perform poorly in school compared to others.
To ensure equitable learning and foster inclusive societies, we must delve deeper into societal and contextual factors at work. Early education in the mother tongue could serve as a crucial factor in learning new languages, fostering understanding, confidence and a love for learning. It enables a deeper grasp of concepts, encourages critical thinking and strengthens cultural connections. This approach is likely to notably reduce drop-out rates, as evidenced by the research findings.
Way forward: In India, a multilingual educational approach that uses familiar languages as a foundation could deliver positive outcomes. Effective implementation on the ground requires sustained efforts from diverse stakeholders. Empowering teachers through multilingual training, developing mother tongue-based learning materials that are engaging, and supporting local communities in the advocacy of their languages are all crucial steps.
Source: https://www.unicef.org/india/stories/children-learn-best-when-theyre-taught-their-mother-tongue
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