WHY DO GRASSROOTS MATTER?

 

WHY DO GRASSROOTS MATTER?

 

By Sachin S Solanki

 

In today’s world where development still remains to percolate down to the lowest of the low sections, no country can truly deliver on its promises without a stable and empowered civil society. Therefore, asustainable network of bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is a sine qua nonfor plugging the gaps in the service delivery to the last mile. However, it cannot be undermined that NGOs unlike a ‘for-profit’ institution lack sufficient resources and revenue to fund their services. The issue becomes accentuated when we look at the sections of civil society that work directly at the grassroots level.

 

GRASSROOTS MATTER

 

Grassroots NGOs are located at the critical intersection of a range of institutions that mark our society such as race, caste, religion, community, family and gender to name a few. By their proximity to these institutions at the ground level, they are better aware of the nitty-gritty of local functioning that is often overlooked and underminedby the more centralised and unreachable parts of civil society.A large well-funded NGO undoubtedlyhas a better efficiencyand logistical capacity to deliver on a range of commitments, but it is also found that owing to their very centralised and strait-jacket nature, accessibility and reachability to the final mile is often piecemeal. Per contra, NGOs and civil society organisations working on a localised level amongst people are more effective in organising local participation and promising better outcomes.

 

Furthermore, it has been observed that the motives of civil society are better translated into real outcomes if local communities are involved in the process. Be it through teaching, distribution of sanitary pads or raising funds for a local calamity, grassroots NGOs because of their close-knit size are a perfect platform for people to become the change they wish to see. Grassroots civil society also plays a vital role in accomplishing better standards of living, enhanced skills, and empowerment of youth, women and minorities.

 

Last but not least, localised NGOs are also significant because of their democratic ability to encourage effective communication around key issues, where all viewpoints are heard and deliberated upon. This is in stark contrast to the more centralised and non-localised bodies where, more often than not, a dominant viewpoint with more muscle and money power gets more credit and representation in the decision-making processes.

 

A TALE OF BROKEN FUNDING

 

For civil society, means to access funding are grossly limited. Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR funding forms one of the few channels and hence becomes a major portion of funding for civil society. Other options are localised fundraising and receiving resources through charityor donations. However, over time it has been noticed that CSR funding is often skewed and marred by a range of different biases. Be it the regional bias where funding is targeted to a selectgeography or region, or the bias in favour of a certain sector.

 

A recent study by Ashoka University brings to notice that more than 50% of CSR companies are concentrated in prosperous states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, while states such as Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh receive little. Another issue at play here is the pronounced lack of diversity in terms of sectors receiving funding. A study by Economic Times points to an asymmetrical situation where funding towards certain sectors like education and pollution outweighs other areas like menstruation, gender-based violence and internet disparity. This skewed spending becomes a major obstacle for sections of civil society that are dedicated to a single issue or cause.

 

It is also true that in recent times, big corporates have come up with their own ‘personalized’ civil society and NGOs, thereby diverting their funds to their own bodies. This in turn fuels a self-sustaining and self-serving cycle that excluded grassroots and localised bodies. Another important and undeniable role is played by the citizen themselves, after all a civil society without a society to back it up becomes dysfunctional. It has been found that charity and donations offered by people are either grossly inadequate or often remain largely skewed in favour of someone or something.

 

Gaurav Kashyap, Managing Director at HEEALS, a grassroots Non-Profit/NGO based in Gurgaon shared his experience of the struggle that NGOs and civil society bodies like HEEALS face while accessing funding. “Despite working for 12 years at the grassroots level working in diverse fields such as Health,Education, Environment,Water, Sanitation, Menstrual hygiene,Gender Equality Projects, the CSR funding has never really come through”, he adds. This not only underlines the strain and disadvantages that localised non-profit bodies undergo in search of funds but also seriously undermines the confidence of today’s youth in the efficacy of civil society. Furthermore, it gives rise to poor incentives and massive roadblocks for NGOs and other localised bodies like HEEALS in their objective of going the extra mile in public service delivery.

 

WAY FORWARD

 

So far we have seen that localised NGOs lack the wherewithal to infuse their processes with capital and efficiency. Lack of funding dents their resource mobilization ability and eventually unleashesa perpetuating cycle of inability and deficiency. But, there is a way out of this.

 

Firstly, we have to understand that a robust and self-reliant civil society is not a threat to the security and stability of society but a supporter of it. They play a critical role in bridging the gaps between the Government and the people. A strengthened civil society helps nurture deep linkages between the process of policy-making and the people who have a stake in the making of the policy. So, in a way, it is true that an empowered civil society ensures an empowered citizenry and hence we must do all that it takes to infuse power in the hands of the civil society.

 

Second, civil society too has to come up with fresh, creative and innovative ways to engage with diverse sections of the society and ensuring that they do not become echo chambers of a single ideology or political persuasion. Attempts must be made to stay relevant and close to the issues they seek to redress. For this, a continuous and constructive engagement with all stakeholders is necessary.

 

To conclude, an empowered civil society guarantees the realization of Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of trusteeship, interdependence and bonding between the rich and the underprivileged, where society becomes a complete whole of many connected parts. What is needed is an ecosystem where Government, Non-Government Organisations and the Corporate Sector can come together and join hands in ensuring effective and inclusive service delivery.

 

***

 

About-

 

Sachin S Solanki is a volunteer at HEEALS NGO, Gurgaon, India.

International Right To Know Day

The right of access to information is an important human right, necessary for the enjoyment of other human rights.
The right to information is essential for transparent and accountable government. The right of access to information makes possible the public involvement in formulating social policies and in the decision-making processes of governance.The right to information can only be effectively exercised and implemented on the basis of laws, regulating this right in accordance with international standards.

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Kindly Donate To Sustain Our Work In Corona Pandemic

Donation Details Are Below

DONATORS LOCATED IN INDIA

Account Number: 002101200566

Bank: ICICI 

Address: ICICI, Gurgaon Branch

Sco-18 & 19 Sector -14, Huda Shopping Center, Gurgaon -122001                   

RTGS/NEFT IFSC CODE: ICIC0000021

INTERNATIONAL DONATORS

Email: communications@heeals.org

A Spotlight on Democracy

A Spotlight on Democracy

The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis has resulted in major social, political and legal challenges globally. As states around the world adopt emergency measures to address the crisis, it is critical that they continue to uphold the rule of law, protect and respect international standards and basic principles of legality, and the right to access justice, remedies and due process.

UN Secretary General António Guterres has urged governments to be transparent, responsive and accountable in their COVID-19 response and ensure that any emergency measures are legal, proportionate, necessary and non-discriminatory. “The best response is one that responds proportionately to immediate threats while protecting human rights and the rule of law,” he said.

States must respect and protect, among other rights, freedom of expression and of the press, freedom of information, freedom of association and of assembly. Concerns in many countries in the context of COVID-19 include:  

• Measures to control the flow of information and crackdown on freedom of expression and press freedom against an existing background of shrinking civic space.
• Arrest, detention, prosecution or persecution of political opponents, journalists, doctors and healthcare workers, activists and others for allegedly spreading “fake news”.
• Aggressive cyber-policing and increased online surveillance.
• Postponement of elections is raising serious constitutional issues in some cases and may lead to rising tensions.

The crisis raises the question how best to counter harmful speech while protecting freedom of expression. Sweeping efforts to eliminate misinformation or disinformation can result in purposeful or unintentional censorship, which undermines trust. The most effective response is accurate, clear and evidence-based information from sources people trust.

Around the world civil society organizations have answered the UN's call to action to address and counteract the wide range of ways the Covid-19 crisis may impair democracy and increase authoritarianism, by:

• developing media literacy and digital safety, more critical than ever as activism is forced online, so as to address the risk of suppression, interference and closing of civic space;
• fighting misinformation, disinformation and hate speech, which have mushroomed in the crisis;
• training journalists remotely to report on the impact of the pandemic with in-depth, fact-checked coverage, while staying safe on the front line;
• empowering women against gender-based violence, which has surged amid Covid-19 lockdowns, quarantines, and social and economic pressures;
• helping to highlight the challenges of inequality and weak service delivery made worse by the crisis, with specific focus on the needs and rights of women, youth, minorities and other marginalized populations, so as to help hold governments to account.

 

 Be A Part Of Our Internship /Volunteering/Volunteer travel program At HEEALS Please Contact Us At : communications@heeals.org Please Come Join Us!

Facebook Page :https://www.facebook.com/Heeals/

Twitter Page:http://www.twitter.com/heeals

Instagram: @heealsindia 

Kindly Donate To Sustain Our Work In Corona Pandemic

Donation Details Are Below

DONATORS LOCATED IN INDIA

Account Number: 002101200566

Bank: ICICI 

Address: ICICI, Gurgaon Branch

Sco-18 & 19 Sector -14, Huda Shopping Center, Gurgaon -122001                   

RTGS/NEFT IFSC CODE: ICIC0000021

INTERNATIONAL DONATORS

Please email: communications@heeals.org

NUTRITION AT SCHOOL

Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs and a

balanced diet, together with physical activity, is a cornerstone of good health. The

international organisations are increasingly focusing their efforts on nutrition as they

underscore the importance of it, not only on at the individual level but as an asset for the

sustainable development of a country . As Ban Ki Moon stated: “Nutrition  is both a maker and a marker of development. Improved nutrition is the platform for progress in health,education, employment, empowerment of women and the reduction of poverty and inequality, and can lay the foundation for peaceful, secure and stable societies”. 

Nutrition is therefore a very complex and multifaceted issue as it encompasses a broad range of topics and, taken form a Sustainable Development Goals perspective, can be taken as the focal point from which one can address every one of those. Unfortunately a big share of the world population faces issues related to malnutrition, this being defined by the WHO as the condition related to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. Whilst many western countries are facing a growing burden of Obesity and overweight individuals, the other side of the coin is represented by those developing countries affected by undernutrition and micronutrient-related malnutrition, with 90 per cent of the developing world’s chronically undernourished (stunted) children living in Asia and Africa. 

Under nutrition is defined as the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases. It includes being underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), dangerously thin for one’s height (wasted) and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutrition). According to Unicef, more than one third of the world’s children who are wasted live in India, with the rural communities having the highest rates of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Other nutrition issues faced by many underprivileged communities is Iron-deficiency-Anaemia (IDA), for which India earned by far the world sad record, and Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). The Indian government recognizes the importance of an adequate nutrition in order to end the vicious circle of poverty and its paramountcy for development, as noted in the national nutrition policy. The same document underlines the importance of nutrition education and the fact that schools are an ideal setting for that. Reason why the Mid-may meal scheme is been designed. Unfortunately, as noted in the previous article the shortcomings about the implementation of the programme are manifest and if we take them from a “nutritional” angle we notice that the programme failed to provide nutritious food as per programme guidelines.Therefore the question is: 

What can be done to remedy to these

shortcomings? The ministry of Human Resource Development highlights the importance of community participation for the successful implementation of the scheme, in order to

ensure an effective monitoring at the local level and underlining the importance of the

participation of NGOs which work at a grassroots level, having a hands-on approach to

such issues and dealing directly with the problems faced by the communities, thus creating a dialogue between those and the government. 

Therefore NGOs such as Heeals can be paramount for the remedying of the government shortcomings regarding the implementation of programmes such as the MDM scheme; tackling issues such as Infrastructure implementation, nutrition education and nutritional balanced meal provision. It is paramount to empower voiceless and unprivileged communities in order to buttress their rights as the issues that their facing are not an accident or a natural outcome of their actions, but they are socio-economical phenomena engendered by asymmetrical power relations and lack of access to the most basic resources and agency. 

As demonstrated by Amartya Sen, hunger and food insecurity are not related to food availability but to the lack of access to it on the part of certain individuals, and if we are to support the right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food, we have to support and empower those people whom are more in need, making their voices audible as well as endorsing a pragmatic solidarity” approach. As Paul Farmer stated, the idea that some lives matter less is the root of all that is wrong in the world.

-        By -Andrea Angeli

WASH Intern Coordinator

Source

1 Global Panel on Agriculture and Food systems fo Nutrition; http://glopan.org/sites/default/files/

SDGPolicyBrief.pdf

2http://ucx3x320eshgjxppibt1rqg0.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SUNMovement-

Strategy-and-Roadmap-Ban-Ki-moon-message.pdf

3 UNSCN; http://glopan.org/sites/default/files/Downloads/SDGPolicyBriefSummary.pdf

4 WHO; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition

5 UNICEF; https://unicef.in/Story/1124/Nutrition

6 UNICEF; https://www.unicef.org/progressforchildren/2006n4/undernutritiondefinition.html

7 UNICEF; https://unicef.in/Story/1124/Nutrition

8 WHO; http://www.who-seajph.org/article.asp?

issn=2224-3151;year=2018;volume=7;issue=1;spage=18;epage=23;aulast=Rai ; https://

www.hospitalmanagement.net/comment/anemia-prevalence-nears-40-india/; https://

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/51-of-indian-women-aged-15-49-anaemic-most-in-world-study/

articleshow/61538152.cms

9https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/nnp_0.pdf

10 see “Food and Hygiene” article.

11Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development; https://

elementaryeducation.tripura.gov.in/mid-day-meal; see “Food Hygiene” article.

12 Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of School

Education and Literacy; http://mdm.nic.in/mdm_website/Files/Guidelines/

3.MDM1%2021.09.2010.pdf

13 Amartya Sen, “Poverty and famines”, 1981, Oxford India Paperbacks

14ICESCR

15 For the concept of “pragmatic

SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURES IN INDIA

SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURES IN INDIA

What is the difference between schools in metropolitan cities and schools in villages.

When it comes to infrastructures, there is a complicated issue that needs to be considered from different points of view:

1)    Gap between metropolitan cities and rural villages.According to the Census 2011, there are 6.4 lack villages in India and about two-third of the whole Indian population lives there.

2)    Gap between government schools and public schools. Indian families can choose what kind of education their children will have, depending on their financial resources. In short, both government and public schools are in villages and in cities. While government schools are free between the 6^th and the 8^th class – and between 9^th and 12^th you have to pay a nominal fee – in public schools there is always a fee to pay, even if in villages is cheaper. Another difference is the quality of teaching of course. On the other hand, in public / private school (Village ,semi urban & semi rural )teachers just have to have passed a 12^th class to obtain an assignment.

These factors affect education, opportunities and children’s future and more in general the country growth. In particular, it is clear that government schools in villages are the problematic ones. Lack of infrastructures is the issue. For instance, 53% of total government schools, which form majority of schools in rural India, have electricity connection:

When it comes to hygiene facilities, according to the Towards UEE-Flash Statistics, NUEPA & GoI, 2005-06 to 2015-16 11% of the schools in our country do not have toilets. More than 2 lakh schools do not have toilets for girls. 49% of the schools don’t have hand wash facilities near the toilets. About infrastructures, according to DISE Elementary flash 2014-15, 40% of schools do not have playgrounds. 23% of schools do not have kitchen sheds. Furthermore, usually in villages there is an agricultural economics. For this, during certain periods students are busy with field works.

As NGO, we strongly believe that we are the only ones can provide concrete aid and supports to rural villages. We also are of the opinion that government should do much more. Since 2010 Heeals

is strongly concerned in programmes with villages and rural communities about Wash; Menstrual Hygiene and Health. Many contents have been produced: films and documentaries that we have been screened in schools; booklets and photos; distribution of sanitary pads and soaps about every month. As far as infrastructures are concerned, we are involved in projects that dependent on donations. For example, we bought water filters for people in villages. Then, in order to improve quality of teaching, we bought white boards and we brought them in schools. Lastly, we are involved in a new project we recently came up with: The Wash Wall Project. We painted walls in toilets and school with messages concerning hygiene, hand wash and menstrual hygiene. We believe that this is a good and impact full way to communicate with children.

- Nancy 

(WASH Intern )

Sources:

http://www.mahindraconstructionequipment.com/blog/the-role-and-importance-of-rural-infrastructure-in-india-and-mahindras-contribution-to-it

https://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/why-rural-india-still-has-poor-access-to-quality-education/1393555/

http://www.dise.in/Downloads/Paper_on_Physcial_Facilities_(Draft_prepared_for_CABE)_-_Report.pdf

https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs/digital-classrooms-in-schools-is-rural-india-ready/401931/

Fighting hunger and malnutrition: Is the Midday meal scheme really effective?

In the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which India is a party, India has committed to yielding “adequate nutritious foods" for children. Proper nutritional support is fundamental for children from their birth through adolescence, as it has a profound impact on their ability to grow, learn, and thrive. It is a well-documented fact that chronic malnutrition impairs the physical as well as cognitive development in growing children. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme is a school meal program implemented in 2001 by the Government of India. It was an improvement over the existing nutrition program which guaranteed food grains to children enrolled in Government and Government-aided schools. It has been initiated to address the issue of classroom hunger in school-aged children by providing a cooked meal every day. It is designed to improve the nutritional standing of school-age children nationwide.The program supplies free lunches on working days for children in primary and upper primary classes in government, government aided, local body and alternate innovative education centers. 

One of the first surveys on the Mid-Day Meal, by Dreze and Goyal (2003), highlighted several good consequences of the scheme, such as improved attendance rate, child nutrition and social equality. Interviews revealed that the introduction of the MDMS improved not only the attendance of children, but also made them more likely to stay after the lunch break; it has also proved helpful in eradicating hunger. In areas where hunger is endemic, the Mid-Day Meal might be the only thing saving children from chronic malnutrition.The Mid-Day Meal Scheme has played an important role enhancing enrollment, attendance in schools, and in improving socialization among classes. To that effect, it has surely done its part in helping eradicate hunger. Moreover, it gave women the chance to get employed. 

The program has undergone many changes since its launch. With the enactment of the National Food Security Act in 2013, the nutritional content of food (calorie and protein content requirement has since been increased for MDMS) has become an integral part of the right to food in the country. Moreover, from the year 2009 onwards the following changes have been made to improve the implementation of the scheme: I. Food norms have been revised to ensure balanced and nutritious diet to children of upper primary group by increasing the quantity of nutritional ingredients II. Cooking cost (excluding the labour and administrative charges) has been revised III.The honorarium for cooks and helpers was paid from the labour and other administrative charges per child per day provided under the cooking cost. Moreover, specific norms for engagement of cookcum-helper have been made.This shows that the scheme is muddled in the game of numbers rather than going into the qualitative aspects of the food served. 

Even if the Mid-Day Meal Scheme is an innovative scheme to get children from poor socioeconomic status to enroll for elementary education it has been facing serious problems. This is mainly due to the poor quality of food served because of inadequate infrastructure and adverse impact on children’s health & subsequent. Secondly, the government’s focus is on reach not on quality but quantity. The government only concentrates on statistics as to how many number of schools they are able to cover and provide food. They don't give importance to quality. In fact, most of the children who study in village government schools are very poor and end up eating this as their only meal for the day. There is no one to inspect the quality of the food being served to them. 

In Bihar on July 16 20013 23 children lost their lives after eating their Mid-Day Meal due to poisoning because the oil used for cooking was kept in was previously used to store pesticide. There are many such unreported cases where students who eat this meal have reported of dysentery and ill health. So parents and children fearing safety have declined to have food served in these Mid-Day Meals . The MDMS guidelines dictate that the meal should be of good quality, nutritious, tasty, digestible, and varying from day to day to ensure variety in the menu. Moreover, high standards of hygiene and cleanliness are expected to be maintained during the cooking and serving of the meal, along with transparency in accounts. Additionally, states having indulged in diversion of funds meant for the scheme, for instance providing less rice to schools. Another problem related to the Mid-Day Meal Scheme is afflicted with large-scale caste and gender-based discrimination. In some places the upper caste children refuse to eat food cooked by lower class women and backward classes students are made to sit separately from the others. 

Lastly, it emerged during the study that though 99 per cent of the schools had facilities for operation of the MDMS, and 97 per cent of them provide cooked meal during most the days, yet in about 11 per cent of the villages, the food was served only a few days a week, while in 2 per cent of the cases, it was served very rarely. In 38 per cent of the cases, the prescribed menu was not followed and the quality of food was also allegedly poor. 

HEEALS is directly involved in implementing hand washing with soap in the Mid Day scheme in children’s daily routine. It is working on WASH (water, sanitation and Hygiene) projects in seven states works in slum schools, schools in unauthorized colonies, orphanages and refugee camps. Through spreading education on sanitation and personal hygiene and delivering basic hand washing material, HEEALS is working to increase the attendance rates of pupils in schools, reduce the number of diseases and deaths and improve the health of people across Indian society. Moreover, another HEEALS commitment is to promote children cooperation between genders and castes.

-Bene 

WASH & MH Intern Coordinator 

Interested Candidate Looking For Internship /Volunteering/Volunteer travel program At HEEALS Please Contact Us At : communications@heeals.org

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WHY DON’T YOU LET ME HELP YOU?

Today, we are analyzing the link between NGOs and Governmental schools in India.

First of all, it is useful for a better understanding of this article, review rapidly what are the NGOs. As we told previously, they are easily defined as nonprofit entities independent of governmental influence. Moreover, NGOs activities include, but are not limited to, environmental, social, advocacy and human rights work. They can work to promote social or political changes on a broad scale or very locally. As a matter of fact, NGOs play a critical role in developing society, improving communities, and promoting citizen participation.

Secondly, we must try to understand the scholastic Indian system, particularly the difference between the private or public schools and the governmental ones.

Doing that, we can consider three fundamental points:

1.      At infrastructural level, the differences are very visible: as a matter of fact, the construction of a public school is often new and well maintained, while that one of the governmental s is more critical, because it is marked out for a lack of basic services, such as electricity, water, sanitation items and facilities. In addition, this substantial diversity is more evident in village area.

2.      As far as it concerns the tuition fee, in a governmental schools there is no need to pay fees or taxes in order to attend, and also schools uniforms and materials (books, exercises book and pens) are freely provided by the government. On the other hand, broadly speaking, the private school are expensive for families.  So obviously, poorest people tend to send their children to governmental schools, and children form middle and upper classes use to attend the public ones.

3.      Finally, we have to point out the different possibilities for the students. The huge amount of money,invested in private schools, allows to students not only to live in a more positive and competitive environment, but also to have the chance to enjoy some extracurricular activities. By contrast, in governmental schools students often do not receive a brilliant education, and if they can do some extracurricular activities, these are only developed with the purpose to improve student's livelihood, making them more aware.

Having said that, the contest where local NGOs, and among those HEEALS, tend to work is clear. Normally, NGOs have also the permission from the designed authority for working with young students in governmental schools, because the benefits that they bring are remarkable. Although that, currently there are some principals that promote that cooperation and others who simply disagree.

For example, this morning we went in one governmental school with the intention to do our workshops, about both #STOPCHILDMARRIAGE and Menstrual Hygiene Management, but the principal of that school did not allow us to do them and also to leave sanitary pads and other stuffs for the students without a specific reason.

At this point the question is:WHY? The students were enthusiasm to see our team, and for sure they could appreciate the products of our work. However, we had to leave. The big deal is that only for the will of one person, who should think about the wealth of students, we could not help those young guys. Definitely, that is not fair and for the moment we can not do something. Anyway, it easy to change mood, returning to be positive and happy. We have only to think that the majority of the governmental schools, and their principals and teacher, are very grateful for the work of HEEALS and that one of other NGOs in general.

To end up, surely the Indian public system is very complicated and also sometimes unjust. Nevertheless, if the grassroots NGOs, like HEEALS, can work freely, they will improve the student’s condition, allowing to the youngest to grow properly.

 -Martina 

WASH & MH Coordinator