The International Day of the Girl Child

 Invest in Girls' Rights: Our Leadership, Our Well-being

This year, at a time when we are seeing a range of movements and actions to curtail girls’ and women’s rights and roll back progress on gender equality, we see particularly harsh impacts on girls. From maternal health care and parenting support for adolescent mothers, to digital and life skills training; from comprehensive sexuality education to survivor support services and violence prevention programmes; there is an urgent need for increased attention and resourcing for the key areas that enable girls to realize their rights and achieve their full potential. 

Responding to girls’ calls for change, the global community must move beyond reaffirming commitments and invest boldly in the action needed to make that change. When we pay attention, we see that, already, many girls are championing solutions and change in their communities. The International Day of the Girl Child focuses attention on the need to address the challenges girls face and to promote girls’ empowerment and the fulfilment of their human rights.

Adolescent girls have the right to a safe, educated, and healthy life, not only during these critical formative years, but also as they mature into women. If effectively supported during the adolescent years, girls have the potential to change the world – both as the empowered girls of today and as tomorrow’s workers, mothers, entrepreneurs, mentors, household heads, and political leaders. An investment in realizing the power of adolescent girls upholds their rights today and promises a more equitable and prosperous future, one in which half of humanity is an equal partner in solving the problems of climate change, political conflict, economic growth, disease prevention, and global sustainability. Girls are breaking boundaries and barriers posed by stereotypes and exclusion, including those directed at children with disabilities and those living in marginalized communities. As entrepreneurs, innovators and initiators of global movements, girls are creating a world that is relevant for them and future generations.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by world leaders in 2015, embody a roadmap for progress that is sustainable and leaves no one behind. Achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment is integral to each of the 17 goals. Only by ensuring the rights of women and girls across all the goals will we get to justice and inclusion, economies that work for all, and sustaining our shared environment now and for future generations.

Did you know?

·         Nearly 1 in 5 girls are still not completing lower-secondary and nearly 4 in 10 girls are not completing upper-secondary school today.

·         Around 90 per cent of adolescent girls and young women do not use the internet in low-income countries, while their male peers are twice as likely to be online.

·         Globally, girls aged 5-14 spend 160 million more hours every day on unpaid care and domestic work than boys of the same age.

·         Adolescent girls continue to account for 3 in 4 new HIV infections among adolescents.

·         Nearly 1 in 4 married/partnered adolescent girls aged 15-19 have experienced physical or sexual violence from an intimate partner at least once in their lifetime.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, 100 million girls were at risk of child marriage in the next decade. And now over the next ten years, up to 10 million more girls worldwide will be at risk of marrying as children because of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Dropout because of child marriage in India

 

Dropout because of child marriage in India!

Of the over 21,800 girls who had dropped out of school before the 2019-20 school year, just over 13% girls did so as they were required for house work and almost 7% did so as they were married off even though child marriage is illegal

Early marriages and chores at home are key reasons why girls drop out of school, The National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) indicates. Of the over 21,800 girls who had dropped out of school before the 2019-20 school year, just over 13% girls did so as they were required for house work and a lmost 7% did so as they were married off even though child marriage is illegal. When it comes to paid work, the percentage of boys who dropped out for work is higher when compared to girls. A total of 21,851 girls and 20,084 boys had dropped out of school before the 2019- 20 school year.

How does child marriage affect education in India?

Child marriage ends childhood.  It negatively influences children’s rights to education, health and protection. These consequences impact not just the girl directly, but also her family and community.

A girl who is married as a child is more likely to be out of school and not earn money and contribute to the community. She is more likely to experience domestic violence and become infected with HIV/AIDS. She is more likely to have children when she is still a child. There are more chances of her dying due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Estimates suggest that each year, at least 1.5 million girls under 18 get married in India. Nearly 16 per cent adolescent girls aged 15-19 are currently married.

While the prevalence of girls getting married before age 18 has declined from 47 per cent to 27 per cent between 2005-2006 and 2015-2016 it is still too high.

The significant progress in the reduction of child marriages in India has contributed to a large extent to the global decrease in the prevalence of the practice. The decline may be the result of multiple factors such as increased literacy of mothers, better access to education for girls, strong legislation and migration from rural areas to urban centres.  Increased rates of girls’ education, proactive government investments in adolescent girls, and strong public messaging around the illegality of child marriage and the harm it causes are also among the reasons for the shift.

How does child marriage affect health?

A girl who marries early is more likely to give birth before her body is ready, presenting complications that will jeopardize her health for the rest of her life.

Impact of child marriage on Indian economy

Due to dropouts because of child marriage  many students lose opportunity to earn money and raise economy of India. Child marriage negatively affects the Indian economy and can lead to an intergenerational cycle of poverty. Girls and boys married as children more likely lack the skills, knowledge and job prospects needed to lift their families out of poverty and contribute to their country’s social and economic growth. Early marriage leads girls to have children earlier and more children over their lifetime, increasing economic burden on the household.

Child marriage is estimated to cost economies at least 1.7 percent of their GDP. It increases total fertility of women by 17 percent, which hurts developing countries battling high population growth. As per IRCW study, the welfare benefit in ending child marriage is estimated to be $22.1 billion globally in the first year (2015). This number increases to $566 billion annually by 2030, for a cumulative welfare benefit of more than $4 trillion. Considering how one out of three such marriages happen in India, this impact is huge on India. Decreased household sizes would lead to an increased availability of funds which then could be used to pay for food, education, health care and other expenses for other members of the household.

Child marriage and mental health

Five of the studies included in our review estimated the effect of child marriage on various aspects of mental health. These studies relied on cross-sectional data collected from Ghana, Iran, Ethiopia, Niger and the United States. Women in the United States who married before the age of 18 were more likely to report experiencing a wide range of mood, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood when compared to those who married at later ages .The authors of a small study from a single county in Iran found that women who married as children reported more depressive symptoms than those who married at the age of 18 or older .John, Edmeades, and Murithi examined the relationship between child marriage and multiple domains of psychological well-being in Niger and Ethiopia . The authors found that marriage before the age of 16 was correlated with poorer overall psychological well-being, but no evidence that marriage between the ages of 16 and 17 was associated with poorer outcomes when compared to women who married at the age of 18 or later . In Ghana, child marriage seemed to protect against measures of stress. The Ghanaian study also found no indication of differences in levels of social support between women who married before the age of 18 and those who married after their 18th birthdays, though these odds ratio estimates were very imprecise

How to stop it ?

Contact a women cell of local police. ...

File for Domestic Violence under PWDW Act. ...

Contact National commission for women. ...

Contact a lawyer. ...

Suit for annulment of marriage in district court or family court.

What to do if you do not live in India?

If you want to help kids in India and stop child marriage you can donate to our organization and we will do everything we can to stop child marriage in India

HEEALS organization

We believe that by starting small and working with one community at a time, we can begin to make changes that will spread gradually throughout India, all the while working hard to create and maintain a self-sustaining society. We aim to facilitate the fulfilment of the millennium development goals, set out by the United Nations, by ensuring that every household in India has unimpeded access to proper WASH facilities.

Heeals was built by a core team of committed executive committee, the member and staff member, who collectively have extensive experience in rural, urban and social development in India. Most of the founding staff is working voluntarily or semi-voluntary.

Email:communication@heeals.org

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Written by Kenenbaeva Janyl

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Used resources:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/girls-drop-out-of-schools-due-to-early-marriage-house-work/articleshow/92195487.cms

https://www.vowforgirls.org/aboutchildmarriage?gclid=Cj0KCQjwi7GnBhDXARIsAFLvH4lQXFqdBIWjUXs4wcnUnnKC3TWbL4I9EuP7is6CX3SoOpYH5bKARhkaAv84EALw_wcB

https://www.insightsonindia.com/social-justice/issues-related-to-children/child-marriage/impact-of-child-marriage-on-indian-economy/

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-12707-x#:~:text=Women%20in%20the%20United%20States,at%20later%20ages%20%5B21%5D.

https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-3584-family-pressure-of-marriage-on-daughter-and-indian-laws-.html