Child Labour in India – Real Facts

Conflicts, war, crises and the COVID-19 pandemic, have plunged more families into poverty – and forced millions more children into child labour. Economic growth has not been sufficient, nor inclusive enough, to relieve the pressure that too many families and communities feel and that makes them resort to child labour. Today, 160 million children are still engaged in child labour. That is almost one in ten children worldwide.

Child Labour in India – Real Facts:
• Over 10 million children (aged 5–14 years) are engaged in child labour in India, according to Census 2011. Newer estimates suggest millions more remain uncounted in informal sectors.
• 60% of child labourers are involved in agriculture, followed by construction, domestic work, and manufacturing.
• Poverty, lack of education, and social inequality are the primary drivers of child labour in India.
• Many children work in hazardous conditions—in industries like fireworks (Sivakasi), carpet weaving, mining, and garment factories.
• The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of child labour due to school closures, job losses, and increased household poverty.
• Child labour is often hidden, especially among girls, who may be involved in domestic and caregiving tasks from a young age.
• India has laws like the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, but enforcement remains weak in many regions.
• States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra report the highest number of child labour cases.
• The Right to Education (RTE) Act mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14—but dropout rates remain high.
• NGOs and grassroots movements like HEEALS are working on education, awareness, and community engagement to reduce child labour.

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